821 - 842

Co-emperors: Michael II (820 - 829), Constantine (830 - 831), Michael III (840 - 867)

A man of great learning, Theophilus reigned over an empire that was constantly at war with the Arabs, much to the emperor's personal distress, as he greatly admired Islamic art and culture. He was much admired by his subjects for his culture and justice. His intended heir, his elder son Constantine, died young, and when Theophilus died of dysentery in 842, he was succeeded by his infant son as Michael III.